COOK COUNTY BUREAU OF HEALTH
SERVICES
GRANTS NEWSLETTER
Volume 7, Number 9 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~September,
1999
Back Issues
Published by
OFFICE OF RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT
Hektoen Building
627 South Wood Street
Chicago, IL 60612
FAX: 312-738-3102
Karen M. Smith, PhD, Director
312-633-4940
email: kmsmith@wwa.com
Bennetta Anderson, Administrative Assistant
312-633-4941
Lillian Hampton, IRB Administrator
312-633-7792
email: lhampton@hektoen.org
Funeka Sihlali, RN, Scientific Quality Coordinator
312-572-3506
email: fsihlali@hektoen.org
|
COOK COUNTY BOARD
OF
COMMISSIONERS
John H. Stroger, Jr.,
President
|
Jerry
Butler
Allan C. Carr
Earlean Collins
John P. Daley
Gregg Goslin
Carl R. Hansen
Ted Lechowicz
Roberto Maldonado |
William R. Moran
Joseph Mario Moreno
Mike Quigley
Herbert T. Schumann, Jr.
Peter N. Silvestri
Deborah Sims
Bobbie L. Steele
Calvin R. Sutker |
COOK COUNTY BUREAU OF HEALTH
SERVICES
Ruth M. Rothstein, Chief
Affiliates
Ambulatory & Community Health Network
of Cook County
Cermak Health Services of Cook County
Cook County Department of Public Health
Cook County Hospital
Oak Forest Hospital of Cook County
Provident Hospital of Cook County
|
WHO'S NEXT?
In the past year, two major research institutions in Chicago Rush-Presbyterian-St.
Luke's Medical Center and the University of Illinois at Chicago have been
severely penalized by the federal Office for Protection from Research Risks
for inadequately protecting human research subjects. Two other large research
programs, at Duke and the Westside VA Hospital in Los Angeles, were similarly
reprimanded and restricted.
This new activism from regulatory agencies is fueled in part by Congressional
scrutiny and in part by continuing revelations about mistreatment of research
subjects. For instance, the investigation of Rush's subject protection
system revealed that elderly persons had been harassed repeatedly to consent
to participate in research after they had initially refused. At UIC, patients
were subjected to experimental procedures, which in at least one case caused
severe emotional distress, without those procedures having been reviewed
by the IRB and without informed consent having been obtained.
Could it happen in the Bureau? Some new Bureau initiatives are aimed
at forestalling such problems -- specifically our reorganization for Bureau-wide
oversight of research and our new program of Scientific Quality Assurance.
In the end, however, the only way Cook County can insure that human subjects
are protected is not by programs or paperwork, but by widespread and thorough
understanding by researchers of how to protect research subjects.
The following is a series of questions that all County investigators
are urged to read and answer for themselves. The questions were developed
not only from the revelations at Rush and UIC, but also from issues that
have arisen in our own system. None of these problems is hypothetical.
SOUL SEARCHING FOR INVESTIGATORS
Is your consent procedure a conversation or a piece of paper?
When you go through the informed consent procedure, do you "talk through"
all the material in a face-to-face conversation, or do you just hand the
consent form to the patient to read and sign? The latter is not an acceptable
consent procedure. The consent form is merely the documentation of the
conversation that took place between you and the patient. It cannot be
a substitute for that conversation.
After enrolling the patient, do you ensure that she/he receives a
copy of the consent form?
The consent form is intended to be a future reference for the subject.
It describes the study's schedule, its purpose, and any known side effects.
It gives the names and numbers of people or offices to contact if something
goes wrong. This information must be available to the subject throughout
the study -- without the consent form it will not be.
Do you ensure that a copy of the consent form goes in the patient's
medical record?
If another health provider cares for this patient, he or she must know
about any research that the person is participating in, especially if investigational
drugs or devices are being used.
Do you take sufficient time to answer the patient's questions? Do
you try to elicit questions from the patient?
You need to be sensitive to the reluctance of some patients to question
an authority figure or to ask questions about a complex topic. It is up
to you to make the context as comfortable for questioning as possible.
Do you try to elicit feedback from the patient to see if he or she
truly understands what the research entails?
The complexity of the material may be daunting, and may require repetition.
If you don't probe respectfully to see if the subject understands, you
won't have a chance to go over the unclear parts.
Do you give the patient the opportunity to consult with a family
member or friend if he/she is not sure about what consenting to the research
means?
This should always be an option, even if it means the patient will take
the consent form home before signing it, and come back for another visit
to enroll. Lack of time or fear that a patient will be lost to enrollment
are never justifications for rushed or uninformed consent.
Do you make sure that the informed consent, and all study procedures,
take place in a setting that is respectful of the patient's confidentiality
and that permits you to give your full attention to the interaction?
Discussing a complex study in a busy waiting room, or another place
where you may be interrupted, is not an optimal context for either effective
communication or maintenance of confidentiality.
Do you take steps to ensure that your subjects feel like valued participants?
Such steps include listening respectfully, not interrupting, maintaining
eye contact, and avoiding distractions during the interaction. All health
care professionals should always do these things, but bad habits arise
out of time pressure and other stresses. Making the subject feel valued
is essential if you expect the subject to comply faithfully to the protocol,
or even if you hope to retain the subject throughout the study.
If someone decides not to participate in a study do you or any member
of your research team ask again?
Such repeated requests are considered coercive, especially in a health
care system where most patients have few or no other health care options.
When you enroll a patient in research, do you give the impression
that the study is primarily a treatment?
Research is done because we don't know which treatment works best. If
we knew, there would be no ethical justification for doing research on
humans. When people who are ill are asked to participate in research, they
often come away with the impression that the research was done primarily
for therapeutic purposes. In a phenomenon termed the "therapeutic misconception"
the uncertainty connected with research is ignored.
Investigators may compound the problem by presenting the research as
primarily something that could help when all else has failed, rather than
emphasizing that the effectiveness of the experimental treatment is not
known or that the patient has a chance of being assigned to a control group,
and won't receive the experimental treatment at all. A patient whose therapeutic
misconception has been boosted this way is not fully informed.
Do you assign the informed consent procedure to someone who is not
listed as an investigator and/or is not trained to obtain informed consent
for research?
The principal investigator and persons named as co-investigators are
the only individuals authorized to obtain consent. The PI is responsible
for insuring that all persons who obtain informed consent know what the
procedure entails. Clearly, it is not something that may be assigned to
whichever resident happens to be on duty.
When you write a consent form do you try to reduce the technical
jargon as much as possible?
Remember that the average American has a reading level of not more than
eighth grade, and that lower reading levels can be expected in some populations.
When you write a consent form, do you take care not to oversimplify
so much that important information is left out?
It's fine line to walk between too much and too little technical language,
but walk it we must. For a handy guide to plain language equivalents for
medical terms, visit the web site at http://ovcr.ucdavis.edu/hsglossary.htm.
Do you take steps to insure that all members of your research team
are carrying out procedures consistently?
Even among a group of investigators committed to a project, lack of
sufficient coordination can sometimes lead to inconsistency in interacting
with subjects, not to mention possibly invalidating the data. Subjects
who receive conflicting messages from study staff may not feel fully confident
in the research or the researchers.
When designing a study, or agreeing to carry out a clinical trial,
do you realistically evaluate staffing and time needs?
Shortcuts are sometimes made when there is not enough staff or enough
time to carry out all the steps required to do good research. Sometimes
such shortcuts compromise human subject protections, as when the consent
procedure is rushed and perfunctory. The time to avoid this problem is
when you plan the study.
When you agree to carry out a multi-site trial, do you learn the
protocol in depth?
It should go without saying that a principal investigator who takes
on responsibility for a clinical trial should know the protocol in detail,
including the entire study schedule, the whole range of possible side effects,
and various contingencies for handling problems that arise.
If you use an investigational drug, device or biologic for treatment
("compassionate use" or "emergency drug request") do you always get interim
approval from the IRB Chair and written informed consent from the patient
or the patient's representative?
All use of investigational drugs, devices or biologics, whether on or
off a research protocol, requires IRB approval. In emergency situations,
the Chair can give interim approval until the next IRB meeting. Written
informed consent is required in all cases except when the patient's condition
is life threatening and prior consent can't reasonably be obtained.
When someone not employed by the Bureau is working on site for your
study, do you ensure that the person is properly qualified, supervised,
and credentialed?
If you take responsibility for a research project, you assume responsibility
for the activities of all study personnel on site, including those who
may come in from another institution to recruit patients, carry out interviews,
or provide interventions. It is not acceptable to rely on "long-distance"
supervision or credentialing from the other institution.
When you prepare a presentation or publication based on a case report,
a case series or a retrospective chart review, do you always obtain an
exemption from review from the Chair of the IRB?
Investigators are not permitted to make the final determination that
a study is exempt from review. This must be confirmed in writing by the
Chair of the IRB.
This is not only the law, it is also the prudent course. The rules for
determining exemptions can be slippery, and not everyone is fully cognizant
of them. For instance, many people don't know that no research involving
pregnant women, fetuses, prisoners or jail detainees may be exempted from
review, even if the research is a report of a single case. No survey, interview
or focus group research with minors may be exempted from review, no matter
how innocuous the questions. If you don't get confirmation that your research
is exempt, you could inadvertently carry out noncompliant research. For
the safety of all concerned, you must get written confirmation if you think
your research is exempt.
Do you ensure that all the research projects carried out by the residents
you oversee have been approved by the IRB?
The rule about always obtaining an exemption applies to residents' projects,
even if the project is a small chart review.
Do you always obtain an exemption from review when you write up or
present data from the Tumor Registry or other data bank?
The same rule applies to research generated from these sources of data
as to research based on medical records.
Are you aware that piloting or pretesting of research techniques
with humans needs prior IRB approval?
The subjects' rights are the same, whether you're pretesting one technique
or doing the full-scale study.
Do you try to remain visible and available to subjects throughout
the study?
Subjects who feel they can reach the person in charge will be reassured,
and you will have a better chance of dealing with problems early if they
arise.
Do you debrief your subjects when their participation is over?
A conversation at the end of the study provides closure, makes the subject
feel that his/her contribution was valued, and maintains the subject's
interest in research participation. Such debriefings are also required
by the Joint Commission. When results from the study are available, they
should be distributed to the people who participated.
Do you record and retain no more confidential information than is
necessary to carry out the study?
Some investigators routinely set up data sheets that include the subject's
name, address, phone number, medical record number, and even social security
number. This much private information is usually unnecessary to do the
research, and its presence on data sheets increases the chance that a subject
will be harmed by a breach of confidentiality. Standard research procedure
should be to employ a code to identify each subject, linked on a master
list to basic identifying information (usually a name and medical record
number will suffice). The master list is kept in a locked file, and all
individual data collected is identified only with the code number assigned
for the study.
When enrolling children in research do you make a reasonable attempt
to get both parents' permission? Do you get the assent of children aged
seven and older?
If both parents are reasonably reachable, both should give permission,
especially for studies that might entail some risk to the child. Children
old enough to understand at least some aspects of research participation
should receive an appropriate explanation and be asked to assent.
Have you actually read the guidelines?
The application used to apply for IRB approval from the CCH/Bureau Scientific
Committee includes an Investigator's Acknowledgment, to be signed by all
named investigators. In this acknowledgment, investigators affirm that
they have read the IRB guidelines and will abide by them. On occasion,
it has been obvious to this committee -- from the content of the application,
from the questions asked by the applicant, or by the applicant's own admission
-- that he/she has not read the guidelines. Sometimes applicants have obtained
a copy of the application forms, but not the guidelines. If you sign the
acknowledgment, it is expected that you truly have read the guidelines.
(Guidelines are available in the Resource Room, 603 Durand. Call 633-7792
first to make sure the room is open)
WHAT ABOUT SPANISH CONSENT FORMS?
One of the criticisms aimed at UIC's human research program by federal
regulators was the lack of Spanish versions of consent forms when Spanish
speaking patients were enrolled in studies. Many investigators have asked
if this means a Spanish version consent form must be prepared for every
study.
The Cook County Hospital/Bureau IRB has a policy that a Spanish version
of the full consent form must be submitted when the investigator plans
to enroll 100 or more patients. For other studies, investigators are expected
to use a "short form" consent procedure when enrolling patients who don't
speak English.
With the short form procedure, you must have a summary of the study,
which may be in English (although the subject's language is preferable)
and a "short form" consent in the subjects's own language. These materials
are presented in the consent session, at which an interpreter orally translates
the full consent to the patient, and signs the forms to document that the
all consent information has been conveyed. The subject is given a copy
of the short consent and the summary to keep.
This procedure is more workable than using a full translated consent
form, because the short form consent is a boilerplate document which gives
the basics of consent (e.g. that this is a research study; that you may
decline to participate without endangering your care; that you may quit
at any time, etc.) but does not describe the specific study. This means
that the short form need only be translated once into any given language,
and then may be used, in combination with an interpreter and a study-specific
summary, to enroll non-English speaking subjects for any and all studies.
The Cook County Hospital/Bureau IRB is currently working on making short
form consent documents available in the languages most commonly encountered
in Bureau facilities. If you think may need to use a short form procedure
for your study, you must: 1) request it at the time of IRB review; 2) submit
the study summary that will be used for IRB approval; and 3) obtain copies
of short form consent(s) in the language(s) you will use. If you have an
already-approved study for which you wish to use a short form consent procedure,
submit these materials as a revision to your protocol.
A sample short form consent (in English) prepared
by the Office for Protection from Research Risks is attached at the end
of this newsletter to show what information should be included. A sample
of a Spanish translation of this form is
also included.
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SEMINARS, CONFERENCES, WORKSHOPS, ETC
[A long-term calendar showing most of the major academic medical society
meetings can be found on the web at: http://www.aamc.org/meetings/mjmtgcal.htm]
IRBs in Crisis Institutional Responsibilities is a conference sponsored
by the Association of American Medical colleges, to be held October 21
in Washington, DC. Call 202-828-0417 for more information.
Toxicology Testing Issues and Alternatives, is a workshop to be presented
by the Scientists' Center for Animal Welfare, November 9 in Indianapolis.
Call 301-345-3500 for more information.
Contemporary Issues in Behavioral Research, sponsored by Arizona State
University, will be held November 11-12 in Tempe, AZ. For more information
call 301-496-8101.
Privacy and Confidentiality in Clinical & Social Research Myth or
Reality, will be held February 10-11, 2000 in Houston, sponsored by the
University of Texas Houston Health Science Center and OPRR. For information
call 713-500-5828.
Transforming Health Care Through Informatics, an annual symposium offered
by the American Medical Informatics Association will take place November
6-10 in Washington, DC. Call 301-657-1291.
Office of Research Development Workshops
These workshops are open to any County-affiliated investigator or grant-seeker.
Enrollment for some sessions is limited, so please register only for those
you will be able to attend.
Grant Writing Seminar:
Gives an overview of the entire process of developing a project
and applying for funding. Includes information on approaching both governmental
and private funders, describes an approach to developing grant budgets,
discusses stylistic and content issues that are frequent stumbling blocks
in writing grant applications.
Constructing a Grant Budget:
Covers many of the technical aspects of developing an accurate
time line and budget for a grant proposal.
What Are All These Forms? Interacting With the Scientific Committee:
Gives an orientation to procedures -- and the associated forms
-- used by the Scientific Committee to
ensure that patients are protected from undue risks in research. The
Bureau forms will be discussed, and new policies and changes in federal
regulations will be covered.
To register for any of these, call Bennetta Anderson at 312-633-4941.
If you would like to schedule one or more of these workshops in your Department
or at another site, please call Karen Smith at 633-4940.
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FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES
National Institutes of Health:
All NIH announcements from the past several years, including full
text versions of RFA's and PA's, can be reached on the web at: http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/index.html
To have the NIH Guide sent automatically to your e-mail address every
week, click on the LISTSERV link on this page and follow the instructions.
To ask specific questions about NIH grant programs, send e-mail to:
grantsinfo@nih.gov
NIH RFA'S AND RFP'S:
These are one time only opportunities. Call 312-633-4940 to check
for due dates or to get copies of full announcements
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HIGH RISK ARTHRITIS, MUSCULOSKELETAL AND SKIN DISEASES RESEARCH (RFA-AR-99-008)
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
CANCER INTERVENTION AND SURVEILLANCE MODELING NETWORK (CISNET) (RFA-CA-99-013)
National Cancer Institute
DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING AND GUIDED THERAPY IN PROSTATE CANCER (PHASED INNOVATION
AWARD) (RFA-CA-99-015) National Cancer Institute, National Institute on
Aging
INITIATIVE FOR MINORITY STUDENTS: BRIDGES TO THE BACCALAUREATE
(RFA-GM-99-010) National Institute of General Medical Sciences
INITIATIVE FOR MINORITY STUDENTS: BRIDGES TO THE DOCTORATE
(RFA-GM-99-011) National Institute of General Medical Sciences
SPECIALIZED CENTERS OF RESEARCH (SCOR) IN HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL
BIOLOGY (RFA-HL-99-021) National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
UNDERREPRESENTED MINORITY FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMS IN MENTAL HEALTH (RFA-MH-00-001)
National Institute of Mental Health
SPECIALIZED NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH PROGRAMS ON HEALTH DISPARITY: HIV
AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM (RFA-NS-99-007) National Institute of Neurological
Disorders and Stroke
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE AS AN INTEGRATIVE CONTEXT FOR LEARNING
(RFA-ES-99-011) National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
COMMUNITY-BASED PREVENTION AND INTERVENTION RESEARCH (RFA-ES-99-012)
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
PREVENTION OF HEALTH RISK BEHAVIORS IN MIDDLE CHILDHOOD (RFA-HD-99-014)
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Office of AIDS
Research, National Institute of Mental Health
POPULATION RESEARCH CENTERS (RFA-HD-99-011) National Institute of Child
Health and Human Development
BUILDING INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH CAREERS IN WOMEN'S HEALTH (RFA-OD-99-008)
Office of Research on Women's Health, National Institute on Aging, National
Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Allergy
and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal
and Skin Diseases, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Child
Health and Human Development, National Center for Complementary and Alternative
Medicine, National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders,
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institute
of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute on Drug
Abuse, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute
of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Agency for Health Care Policy and
Research
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NIH PROGRAM ANNOUNCEMENTS
(PA'S): These are ongoing funding priorities, with due dates usually
October 1, February 1 and June 1 of each year. Note that HIV-related applications
are due January 2, May 1 and September. Past PA's, many of which are still
open, can be searched at the NIH
Guide web site.
RACIAL AND ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN THE ETIOLOGY OF TYPE 2 DIABETES IN
THE UNITED STATES (PAS-99-166)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
CORE SUPPORT PROGRAM FOR MENTAL HEALTH/AIDS RESEARCH
(PAR-99-153) National Institute of Mental Health
NHLBI CAREER TRANSITION AWARD (K22) (PAR-99-154) National Heart, Lung,
and Blood Institute
HEPATITIS C INFECTION AND ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE (PAS-99-155) National
Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
PEPTIDE REGULATION OF ALCOHOL INTAKE (PAS-99-156) National Institute
on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
NIDCR CLINICAL TRIAL PLANNING GRANT (PAR-99-157) National Institute
of Dental and Craniofacial Research
NIDCR CLINICAL TRIAL PILOT GRANT
(PAR-99-158) National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
THE ROLE OF GROWTH FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIABETES
COMPLICATIONS (PA-99-159) National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive
and Kidney Diseases, National Eye Institute, National Institute for Dental
and Craniofacial Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
SECONDARY ANALYSIS IN DEMOGRAPHY AND ECONOMICS OF AGING (PA-99-160)
National Institute on Aging
ALCOHOL RESEARCH RESOURCE AWARDS (R24) (PAR-99-161) National Institute
on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
STAGES OF BREAST DEVELOPMENT: NORMAL TO METASTATIC DISEASE
(PA-99-162) National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Child
Health and Human Development, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive
and Kidney Diseases, National Institute on Aging, National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences
EXPLORATORY GRANTS FOR BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH IN CANCER CONTROL (PA-99-163)
National Cancer Institute
INDEPENDENT SCIENTIST AWARD (PAR-99-164) Agency for Health Care Policy
and Research
ALCOHOL EDUCATION PROJECT GRANTS (R25) (PAS-99-165) National Institute
on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
SMALL BUSINESS INNOVATION RESEARCH ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY: NIAID (SBIR-AT-NIAID)
- UPDATED (PAR-98-073) National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
CANCER COMMUNICATION AND INTERACTIVE MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
(PAR-99-141) National Cancer Institute
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RESEARCH (PA-99-143) National Institute
for Occupational Safety and Health, National Cancer Institute, National
Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute on Aging, National
Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Allergy
and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal
and Skin Diseases, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication
Disorders, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RESEARCH (PA-99-144) National Institute
for Occupational Safety and Health
PLANNING GRANTS FOR BIOMEDICAL EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND INTERVENTION STUDIES
(PA-99-145) National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Environmental
Health Sciences
EVOLUTIONARY MECHANISMS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES (PA-99-147) National
Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institute of Dental and
Craniofacial Research
RESEARCH METHODS FOR OCCUPATIONAL CANCER (PA-99-148) National Institute
for Occupational Safety and Health, National Cancer Institute, National
Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING AND GUIDED THERAPY IN PROSTATE CANCER: SBIR/STTR
INITIATIVE (PAR-99-149) National Cancer Institute, National Institute on
Aging
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OTHER OPPORTUNITIES
October 29
HEALTH POLICY RESEARCH SCHOLARS, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (617-353-9220)
December 1
COOPERATIVE RESEARCH: US AND SPAIN, U.S. State Department (202-647-2245
or http://www.fulbright.es/welcome.html)
October 27
SURGICAL BREAST IMAGING, Army Medical Research and Materiel Command
(301-682-5517 or http://cdmrp.army.mil)
February 4, 2000
REHABILITATION DEMONSTRATIONS, Department of Education (202-205-8494
or http://ocfo.ed.gov/fedreg.htm)
Various deadlines, Nov 13 -Feb 18
TECHNOLOGY AND MEDIA SERVICES FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES, Department
of Education (http://ocfo.ed.gov/fedreg.htm)
January 30
VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION: MIGRANT AND SEASONAL WORKERS, Department
of Education (http://ocfo.ed.gov/fedreg.htm)
October 4
LABORATORY MARKERS OF RECENT HIV INFECTION, Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (770-488-2733 or http://www.cdc.gov)
January 7
SPECIAL EDUCATION: TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND DISSEMINATION, Department
of Education (http://ocfo.ed.gov/fedreg.htm)
Various deadlines, Nov 29 -May 19
RESEARCH AND INNOVATION FOR CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES, Department
of Education (202-205-9817 or http://ocfo.ed.gov/fedreg.htm)
Open
HUMANISM IN MEDICINE, Arnold P. Gold Foundation (201-567-4931 or http://www.humanism-in-medicine.org)
October 1 (Letter of Intent)
ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA RESEARCH, National Organization for Rare Disorders
(203-746-6518)
October 1 (Letter of Intent)
ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTHEMIA RESEARCH, National Organization for Rare
Disorders (203-746-6518)
October 1 (Letter of Intent)
HEREDITARY TYROSINEMIA TYPE I RESEARCH, National Organization for Rare
Disorders (203-746-6518)
October 1 (Letter of Intent)
CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING POLYNEUROPATHY RESEARCH, National
Organization for Rare Disorders (203-746-6518)
February 15
LEUKEMIA: NEW INVESTIGATORS, Leukemia Research Foundation (847-424-0600
or http://www.leukemia-research.org)
November 12
MEDICAL EDUCATION RESEARCH, National Board of Medical Examiners (215-590-9657
or http://www.nbme.org)
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