| 2009 Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults. (Jessup M et al. Circulation. 2009;119:e391-e479.)) |
| 2009 Focused Update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults. (Jessup et al. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2009;53;1343-1382) |
| ACC/AHA guidelines update for the evaluation and management of chronic heart failure in the adult 2005. (ACC/AHA Joint Guidelines website. ) Pages 20 to 43, Class C heart failure, are a MUST read. |
| Diuretic therapy. (Brater DC. N Engl J Med 1998;339:387) |
| Medical management of advanced heart failure. (Nohria A, Lewis E, Stevenson LW. JAMA 2002;287:628) |
| How to diagnose diastolic heart failure: a consensus statement on the diagnosis of heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction by the Heart Failure and Echocardiography Associations of the ESC. (Eur Heart J 2007;28:2539) |
| New concepts in diastolic dysfunction and diastolic heart failure. Part 1: Diagnosis, prognosis, and measurements of diastolic function and Part 2: Causal mechanisms and treatment. (Zile MR. Circulation 2002;105:1387) |
| Optional Reading: Underlying Causes and Long-Term Survival in Patients with Initially Unexplained Cardiomyopathy. (Felker GM, et al. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1077) |
| Optional Reading: Results of coronary artery surgery in patients with poor left ventricular function (CASS). (Alderman ED, Fisher LD, Litwin P, Daiser GC, et al. Circulation 1983;68:785) |
| Optional Reading: β–Blockers in Heart Failure. (Farrell MH, Foody JM, Krumholz HM. JAMA 2002;287:890) |
| Optional Reading: Cardioselective beta–blockers in patients with reactive airway disease: a meta-analysis. . (Salpeter SR, Ormiston TM, Salpeter EE. Ann Intern Med 2002;137:715) |
| Optional Reading: Contemporary Use of Digoxin in the Management of Cardiovascular Disorders.. (Gheorghiade M, et al. Circulation 2006;113:2556) |
| Optional Reading: Digoxin and reduction in mortality and hospitalization in heart failure: a comprehensive post hoc analysis of the DIG trial. (Ahmed A, et al. Eur Heart J 2006;27:178-186) |
| Optional Reading: Systematic Review: Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators for Adults with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction. (Ezekowitz JA, Rowe BH, et al. Ann Int Med 2007; 147:251) |
